Why was Machu Picchu built on that high ridge? And why abandoned so soon after?
We know you've seen the sublime photos of the ruins of Machu Picchu perched on a high ridge with a dramatic drop to the river below and thought: holy smokes! WOW. But why was it even built in such a place? And why was it abandoned after just 100 years?
Why was Machu Picchu built there?
It was a spiritual centre and pilgrimage site. It's been argued that the placement of the settlement above the sacred Urubamba River on a ridge that offers morning and afternoon sun (the Incas worshipped the sun god Inti) as well as clear views of the moon and stars was no accident. There are also excellently carved ceremonial buildings, which lend credence to this theory. But if this theory is correct, why was it then neglected? It was a military station. The precipitous location of Machu Picchu would certainly have made it an excellent lookout spot and a site that's easy to defend. Yet some of the buildings are too finely constructed to suggest a mere militaristic site. (For this same reason, among others, most also rule out the idea that it was simply an administrative centre.) It was a royal retreat. There are a few reasons that make this a very plausible theory, like the fact that Machu Picchu was relatively small, had a mixture of grand homes but also smaller ones (presumably for retainers), had ceremonial buildings, and is located in such a glorious spot. No matter the epoch, people with means seek out beautiful places for getaways!
Why was Machu Picchu abandoned?
The mists that cloak Machu Picchu most mornings are an apt symbol for the mystery that shrouds the ruins' history.
Was Machu Picchu actually forgotten?
Others already knew about Machu Picchu
Making Machu Picchu known to the world
Thanks to his friendship with the cofounder of Kodak, Bingham's snaps of Machu Picchu are among the world's first-ever panoramic photographs.